“Hypokalemia treatment consists of two arms: Treatment of the underlying cause and Potassium replacement therapy, this summary will discuss how to properly and effectively replete potassium deficits

The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and workup of hyponatremia.

The indications of 3% NS in hyponatremia and how to administer 3% NS in clinical practice.

The first step is to check measured osmolality (comes on CMP or BMP), not the calculated one.

Avoid the common pitfalls

We frequently pick an ineffective and inadequate hypernatremia treatment, and hence the Sodium worsens for the next 1-2 days.

In this post we simplify the concept of metabolic acidosis and how to tackle in real-world settings.

We pay great attention to metabolic acidosis compared to metabolic alkalosis

We analyze three real-world ABG examples to show you how to recognize possible acid-base disorders.

Learn the IV fluid basics that most ignore!